Free College Essays - The Tragic and Serious Othello :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Othello Tragic and Serious Othello, a play by William Shakespeare, takes place in Venice during the invasion of the island of Cyprus by the Turks. The protagonist of the story, Othello, is a newlywed, Moresque general with a very gullible nature. The antagonist of the story is Iago, an officer under Othello who wishes to be promoted to lieutenant, but the position was given to the young and attractive Cassio. former(a) major characters in the play are Desdemona, Othellos wife who is accused of having an affair with Cassio. In addition, there are Roderigo, a Venetian who is deeply in sock with Desdemona and Emilia (Iagos wife) who could have prevented the death of Desdemona. The tone of the story is tragic and serious. Meanwhile, there isnt any point of view because this is a play and a play doesnt usually have a narrator. Shakespeare lets the reader make up his/her own imagination with the characters words and behavior. Since Othello is the protagonist, he is explained in more d etail. Although Othello is a brave warrior, he is a jealous person his jealousy also prevails over his good sense. The whole play depicts the fact that jealousy causes corruption. There are many conflicts found in Othello, and person vs. person is one of them. An example is when Iago seeks revenge against Othello and Cassio because of his anger and jealousy. Person vs. society appears when Desdemonas father Brabantio, disapproves her marriage to Othello because he is several years older than Desdemona, from a different class, and a different race. An internal conflict of person vs. himself is found when Othello is in a dilemma about whether or not should he cogitate that Desdemona is being unfaithful to him. Othello loves and trusts Desdemona until his jealousy is aroused by the cruel manipulations of Iago. Iagos intention was to persuade Othello to believe that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. As Iago succeeds in convincing Othello that Desdemona is guilty of adultery, i t leads to the flood tide of the play. And so Othello must face emotions he cant deal with. His jealousy drives him insane, and his judgment is replaced with anger and hate. At this time, the reader notices that the death of Desdemona is inevitable. Othello smothers her, and he eventually kills himself when he knows that Iago wrongly accused Desdemona. This also represents the tragedy of the play.

Gender and Philosophy Class: Whose Job is it Anyways Essay -- ethics

Ethics of care, paternal thinking and morality are all very important aspects that should be involved in all aspects of parliamentary procedure, but most of all todays gendered workforce. Both men and women should receive equal rights and same sermon in the workplace, from equal opportunity to equal pay. Ethics of care, maternal thinking and morality should be applied in full when developing fairness in the workforce because of the great points it exploits up about our flaws in societal development. The unfairness our society has created with jobs is expressed in both of these ways of thinking as advantageously as displaying resolutions to these issues.Women are moral equals of menthe experiences of women deserve our respect and are vital to a full and accurate understanding of morality (CRP 194). The author of these morality is trying to show how women need to be equal to men in society. Both men and women have something to offer in different ways. By ignoring attributes wom en could bring to the workplace, there are some things that might not be understood or accomplished. Women provide a cooperative, flexibility, openness, and so many other emotions, and characteristics that men put one acrosst possess which is essential to achieve all possible success in the workforce. The author serves this point that both men and women are essential for society to function as they provide these different aspects that can either make the work world more efficient or even a different approach of doing things.The aims and goals that define a class period are so central or constitutive that in the absence of the goal you would not have that practice (CRP 209). This author also provides the point that women have more to offer, in situations that men cannot possess. Women prid... ...e many things that should be considered when adapting the human workforce. In all honesty though, ethics of care, maternal thinking, and morality are far more important for equality and sa meness than any other ideals. Without ethics of care, there would be no right or wrong. Without right or wrong, morality would not have been adopted to teach civilization how to treat people in the workforce. Without maternal thinking, there would not be variation in the people or how they are treated both in and outside the work place. Works CitedCRP. Gender and Philosophy Class interpreting Packet. Comp. Sandy Johanson.Philosophy 206 ed. N.p. n.p., 2014. 1-151. Rpt. in Readings Week 1-5. N.p. n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.The Mothers Movement Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.ement.org/features/mhoodpapers/maternalism/morality_equality_p2.htm.

Economic and Social Effects of Prohibition Essay examples -- history

Economic and Social Effects of ProhibitionThere are many ways in which prohibition of alcohol consumption in the United States of America, damaged the very economic and social aspects of American culture, that it was designed to heal. Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems it was intended to solve. On 16th January 1920, one of the around common personal habits and customs of American society came to a halt. The eighteenth amendment was implemented, making all importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquors absolutely prohibited. This law was created in the hope of achieving the reduction of alcohol consumption, which in turn would reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve both the economy, and the quality of life for all Americans. These goals were far from achieved. The prohibition amendment of the 1920s was ineffective because it was unenforceable. Instead, it caused mixed social problems such(prenomina l) as the explosive growth of make crime, increased liquor consumption, flockive murder rates and corruption among city officials. Prohibition in like manner hurt the economy because the political science wasnt collecting taxes on the multi-billion dollar a year industry. One of the main reasons that prohibition failed, was because it was difficult to control the mass flow of illegal liquor from various countries, mainly Canada. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from oversees and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. The forward-lookingly established Federal Prohibition Bureau had scarcely 1,550 agents, and with 18,700 miles of vast and virtually unpoliceable coastline, it was clearly impossible to prevent immense quantities of liquor from entering the country. Not even 5% of smuggled liquor was ever actually captured and seized from the hands of the bootleggers. Bootlegging had become a very competitive and lucrative market with the adaptation of proh ibition. This illegal underground economy fell into the hands of organized gangs who over powered most of the authorities. Most of these gangsters, secured their businesses by bribing an immense number of city officials. Mainly government agents and people with high political status such as Mayors, Judges, Police Chiefs, Senators and Governors, found their names on gangsters payroll. To some surprise, the consumption ... ...ederal officers to enforce the prohibition law. Many of those officers found themselves in the midst of the exchange of vexing money between the bootleggers and themselves. Tax dollars were also spent on prosecuting bootleggers who got captured. Millions of dollars annually were spent convicting and keeping the prisoners in jails. Other economic problems were that citizens found themselves drinking apart their pay cheques. These economic problems resulted in the government not taking in as much money as they could induct, and spending money in areas that coul d have been avoided, if prohibition hadnt existed in the first place. It was apparent that Prohibition didnt achieve its goals, instead, it added to the existing economic and social problems, as well as creating new problems that would be prominent in todays society. Organized crime grew into an empire, disrespect for the law grew, the per capita consumption of alcohol increased dramatically, city officials fell to gangsters, and the government lost money. It is obvious that prohibition was a miserable failure from all points of view. Reasonable measures were not taken to enforce the laws, so they were practically ignored.

The Road Not Taken and the Journey of Life :: Road Not Taken essays

The Road Not Taken and the Journey of Life   This poem by Robert Frost was first read to me in the pass away year of my high school experience.  Back then, not only did I have absolutely no interest in any literary work, yet moreover, had no intension to lye there and analyze a poem into its symbolic definitions.  Only now have I been taught the proper way to read a literary work as a formalistic critic might read.  With this new approach to literature I can understand the underlying subject matter to Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken.  In addition to merely grasping the authors intension, I was able to justly incur that this poem, without directly mentioning anything about lifes finishs, is in its sum about just that.         Robert Frost interpreted most of the decisions we make in life into this twenty-line poem of a man choosing which path to take in a yellow wood.  Everyday I make a decision to do a certain task, t ake that certain walk, or to sit at home and do absolutely nothing.  Being one person, I can never know for sure what the exact outcome might be if I were to choose the other decision.  For instance, I take a leisurely walk every night and I sacrifice my time to do something else.  Although this may not always account to me personally, I do sometimes think what the other choice may have brought me.  And often times, I complete the task with a sense of relief, a sigh perhaps, that the choice I made turned to be a well-made decision.  Though most people rarely check into the sacrifice of decision making the way Robert Frost does, it is indeed a highly examined way too understand a path less traveled by.         The first stanza introduced the reader to the decision the author would have to make.  Two roads diverged in a yellow wood to me signified that the result of his decision would arise from the same origin to which i n my own life, I can reflect on.  And though he would like to have seen the outcome of both paths, he knew he could only choose one.  And to help him decide, he would look down both choices and see only until the road took a bend.

What Time is It? :: Essays Papers

What Time is It?Before meeting with my friend Leticia from Honduras, Central America, I would ask her if she was arriving according to North American season or Latin American time. Smiling, she would answer, A la hora Latina, of course. This meant that she would be late. The concept of time is very different for Latin Americans than for North Americans.Life in the get together States is fast-paced. There are fast food restaurants, overnight delivery services, shuttle services, instant cash machines, fast weight loss plans, and even instant min rice. Avidly following such sayings as, The wee bird gets the worm, and, First come, first served, North Americans even have their meals in an efficient manner. Microwaves help nuke their early breakfasts, noon lunches, and five-oclock dinners.Time is money for big businesses. Everyone follows set agendas. Minutes are taken at meetings that are precisely scheduled. North Americans take pride in juggling busy work schedules and still finding time to spend with family and friends.Latin Americans stroll leisurely through life. They amble past open-air restaurants, crossways shaded patios tucked behind walls of Bougainvillea. In the cafes, the service is slow but courteous. Outside on the streets, people walk by, not for weight purposes, but to get somewhere. Buses sire and depart on their own schedule, sometimes sooner or later than their printed times. And if you miss the bus, wait. One will come along eventually. Mid-morning breakfasts are homemade. Lunch is close to three in the afternoon and dinner could be anytime after the arranged time. No one follows a set agenda, but business is accomplished at a gradual and comfortable pace. Watches are not followed precisely, and one barely ever hears the question, What time is it?This ethnic difference has proven to be a paradox for many North Americans visiting Latin American countries and vice versa. For example, this problem has escalated on the issue of adoption. Whi le in Honduras the summer of 1989, I translated for couples from the United States who were looking at for children to adopt from Central America. All legal procedures were transacted between a lawyer from the U.S. and a Honduran lawyer. Legal matters on the North American end were handled approximately immediately. The Honduran lawyer, however, was considerably slower with field work and paper work and was unable to give definite dates or times for the completion of the adoption. This created a cultural barrier and added to the confusion of the situation.

What Time is It? :: Essays Papers

What Time is It?Before meeting with my friend Leticia from Honduras, Central America, I would ask her if she was arriving according to North American succession or Latin American time. Smiling, she would answer, A la hora Latina, of course. This meant that she would be late. The concept of time is very different for Latin Americans than for North Americans.Life in the join States is fast-paced. There are fast food restaurants, overnight delivery services, shuttle services, instant cash machines, fast weight loss plans, and even instant second gear rice. Avidly following such sayings as, The primal bird gets the worm, and, First come, first served, North Americans even have their meals in an efficient manner. Microwaves help nuke their early breakfasts, noon lunches, and five-oclock dinners.Time is money for big businesses. Everyone follows set agendas. Minutes are taken at meetings that are precisely scheduled. North Americans take pride in juggling busy work schedules and still finding time to spend with family and friends.Latin Americans stroll leisurely through life. They amble past open-air restaurants, crossways shaded patios tucked behind walls of Bougainvillea. In the cafes, the service is slow but courteous. Outside on the streets, people walk by, not for weight purposes, but to get somewhere. Buses bugger off and depart on their own schedule, sometimes sooner or later than their printed times. And if you miss the bus, wait. One will come along eventually. Mid-morning breakfasts are homemade. Lunch is just about three in the afternoon and dinner could be anytime after the arranged time. No one follows a set agenda, but business is accomplished at a gradual and comfortable pace. Watches are not followed precisely, and one barely ever hears the question, What time is it?This cultural difference has proven to be a line for many North Americans visiting Latin American countries and vice versa. For example, this problem has escalated on the issue of adoption. While in Honduras the summer of 1989, I translated for couples from the United States who were spirit for children to adopt from Central America. All legal procedures were transacted between a lawyer from the U.S. and a Honduran lawyer. Legal matters on the North American end were handled some immediately. The Honduran lawyer, however, was considerably slower with field work and paper work and was unable to give definite dates or times for the completion of the adoption. This created a cultural barrier and added to the confusion of the situation.

Mother in law

Ever since ancient times, the relationship between a married wo art object and her scram-in- impartiality has often been the butt of many jokes. Mother-in-laws generally view their daughters-in-law with suspicion and are not able to tolerate their mistakes. Is at that place a psychological explanation for the mother-in-law type of behavior?The mother ability have an overwhelming sense of responsibility for her watchword. She faculty be a fair sex with no clear boundaries. She allows her son to be the focal point of her breeding and does not have a clear understanding of his life. Such a woman will often be an unwelcome intruder into her sons life. There are other mother-in-laws who have the unnatural fear of losing their relationship with their son. A mother with this fear works hard at being what her son needs her to be. This makes her less honest and fearful.There are other mothers who think its their duty to protect their son from other bad people and sometimes, this capab ility even include his father. This gives her a false sense of importance. There are women who never outgrow the idea that their son is a grown up man now. Such women tend to be over possessive mothers in law who continue to baby their son and even smother him with sweetness whether he likes it or not (Sadasivan, 2006). These abnormal traits in a mother in law can lead to conflicts with the daughter in law.It is possible that an aggressive mother-in-law who has difficulty in coping with her sons wife whitethorn be suffering from Sons Detachment Disorder (SDD). The mother finds it difficult to detach herself from her son and allow him to continue and independent life. Because of this attachment, she feels the need to control her daughter-in-law and any resistance by her is viewed with hatred and anger. Control, hate, and anger are the three main qualities of this disorder.Every human being desires license and in any relationship the threat to freedom is the greatest danger. In the case of mothers-in-law, there is a desire to control and this affects the freedom of the younger ones. When there is an overwhelming desire to control, mothers are not willing to let go of their sons even when they bemuse married. Mothers try to make decisions for their sons even after their marriages and control them by keeping track of their expenditure patterns, where they are going, what they are wearing and advising them even in matters such as where to buy a house.Many mothers feel more in control when they are able to predict the behavior of others and when others meet their expectations. Hatred and anger are often signs of insecurity. Here, the mothers strength have a look that their sons are leaving them for another woman and this arouses a plenteousness of hatred and anger towards her sons wife. This is more compounded when the mother in law also happens to be a widow. Such anger and hatred can cause destruction not only to their sons and wives but also to her.Sometim es, the problem may lie with a daughter-in-laws perception of her mother in law. When a woman gets married, she needs to cope with a new family with new rules. She often fears her mother in law even before knowing her because of her exposure to the image of a mother in law as evil personified in the media. A mother-in-law is often depicted as a dragon personified in TV serials and novels.Due to this stereotyping of mother-in-laws, the sons wife enters her new life with a lot of doubt, anxiety and worry. In this case, even a small remark by her mother-in-law will be seen in an enlarged dimension. She might be so awake of her that she does not communicate much with her mother-in-law. This can lead to a huge gap between the two women and lead to mother-in-law based conflicts. In this case its easy for the mother in law to judge her incommunicative daughter in law as a careless and destructive person.Another debate contributing to this conflict is that the mother in law might be too d ependent on her son for her self-esteem needs. She needs him so that she might get a sense of importance. When she sees her son beginning to rely more on his wife, she feels upset and might start feigning sickness just to get the immediate attention from her son.Apart from the reasons cited above there might also be the case of mothers-in-law hating their daughters-in-law due to their personal reluctance to accept another woman into the household. There are likely to be differences based on status, education, age and culture between a married woman and her mother in law. These differences might make the connection between the two women more difficult.However, no problem is so complex that it cannot be solved. Every relationship needs some time, application and understanding and trust to develop. Once developed, its possible that the two most important women in a mans life might sire the best of friends.SourceSadasivan, Padma (2006). The Mother-in-Law Daughter-in-Law Syndrome. htt p//www.womenexcel.com/relati

Influences of Mlk’s I Have a Dream Speech

Racial segregation along with social equality has been of the umteen issues in the United States since the nation was formed. Unlike most other issues in this country, segregation was dealt with to an extent but eventually came to a release halt. Blacks were still being treated unequally in the United States, forced to abide by unreason equal to(p) rules or would face cruel punishment. These rules were present in nearly every national facility, sidewalk, buses, and even bathrooms.Although every person of the sportsmanlike race did non agree with the use of segregation, no one had the courage to stand up and convince the raft of the United States that the way they argon treating the African Americans was wrong. The Negroes of this time felt as if there was not any hope of being completely throw in the towel until a brave and intelligent man stood up in precedent of thousands of people on August 28, 1963 in Washington D. C. Martin Luther pouf Jr. pens the eyes of many America ns with his words of wisdom in his I Have a Dream vernacular, explaining how the Negroes of America are being treated and what is about to happen to give the Negroes the immunity they have been promised. His persuasion and direct demand of their independence impart make the people of the United States change their ways or severe consequences volition cope. one hundred years before King addressed his I have a dream speech, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, meant to gradually free all slaves of the territories who were still in rebellion against the Union.Along with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, the Emancipation Proclamation was written to allow all people of the United States to be free. King mentions in the first few paragraphs of his speech that the Declaration of Independence was a promissory note to every American guaranteeing their unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Explaining that the governments promise still has not been fulfilled, proven by the African Americans lack of complete freedom. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned, America has given the Negro people a bad check. The Negroes of America were still living through the hardships of segregation and discrimination, which were promised, in several federal documents, abolishment over one hundred years before. King tells the country that he demands the rights of freedom and until all of the Negroes of the United States receive their rights they deserve, they allow never give up.He explains that the reason that they do not have freedom is be bm the government and the people of the United States have convinced the African American creation that they will eventually receive their rights, without any intentions of taking action to do so. If they do not receive their rights soon, he promised that there would be a rotation until all people of the United States are free.King automatically draws respect by saying The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to attain that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. Honoring the people of the white race who were care the speech and expressing that every individuals future depends on their freedom.He also receives respect by telling the people not to revolt through violence while hard to obtain their rights of freedom, seeking revenge would only hurt our existence and the nation, as a whole. Being aggressive could endanger the possibility of ever receiving complete freedom for the Negro population. In the speech, King never talked down on the white Americans for their acts. Instead, he explains what the white race had d one to require him to stand in front of America that day.He also expressed how he looked forward to the brotherhood and friendship with every white American in the near future, making the people realize he does not want any superiority over the white race, only to be considered equal as them. At this point in the speech, he begins to explain how much he would appreciate life as a free American and how he will enjoy the right to do as he may wish. To be able to work to, not only, make him successful but to form a more successful nation as a whole. Nine sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. King brings about persuasion towards every race with this point in the speech. Meaning that it will be an end to segregation, but more importantly a beginning to a powerful and successful nation. The black population being free will bring greater technologies, work ethics, and complete unionization. With the country in complete unity it automatically causes it to be stronger as a whole. His persuasion to the black population comes greatly towards the end of the speech. He tells everyone that the situation can and will be changed. By being so straightforward and ensuring, it gives confidence and motivation to the people who are trying to fix this situation to stand up for themselves and demand what they deserve. This statement also tells the people who are treating the Negroes badly that they have no other survival but to give the blacks their guaranteed rights or there will be an uncontrollable and never ending revolution. The never-ending revolution could jeopardize the function of the country and cause social and economic chaos throughout.King concludes his speech with the famous I have a dream phrases and songs. In the phrases he tells about how peaceful and enjoyable complete freedom will be and how he dreams that one day soon he will see interracial friendships of brotherhood between children and adults of this country. Being able to work together, pray together, struggle together, go to jail together, and stand up for freedom together will bring many great effects on the nation and the people.Being free at last will make the world a better place and will gradually make this country the strongest in the world economically and socially. Martin Luther King Jr. s speech was so convincing because of his straightforwardness about what will be done to receive the rights that the African Americans were promised. Although most of the white race had knowledge of how they were treating the blacks, King opened their eyes by making them realize that they Constitutionally deserve the same rights as the white population.King was respectful throughout the speech, which most likely helped the people understand and accept the reason for his speech. Although African Americans still did not receive their rights immediately after this speech, the speech had an incredible impact on the future of the African Americans and the future of this nation. Great risks c ame with Kings speech but he was willing to take those risks to create a better future for the lives of many Americans.

A Clausewitzian Analysis of the Thirty Year’s War Essay

When applying the Clausewitzian paradoxical trinity paradigm to the Thirty Years War, we chance upon that the catalyst that sparked much of the encounter during that time was driven by civil unrest of the People engendered by fear of spiritual persecution. Beginning with the divergence of religious and secular leadership resulting from the Protestant Reformation which was exacerbated by the rigidity of Catholic monarchy, we see how widespread fomenting dissent within the German States lead to the decline of the Habsburg ruling family.In his work, On War, Clausewitz describes the result of war as a continual interplay between the paradoxical trinity of the people, the government, and the military. As we apply this framework to the complex and varied influences of the early 17th century, this sit provides clarity in determining the root poses that shaped this era an era that has come to be characterized by the rampant internecine warfare of religious and political factions of th e time.The Protestant Reformation, which had begun to take traction with many of the expansion-minded German nobility, set the stage for the conflict between Catholic and Protestant factions throughout the German Provinces. With the signing of the repose of Augsburg in 1555, Lutheranism had been officially recognized by the Holy roman print Empire. The major outcome of this treaty enabled the Protestant movement in Germany to claim lands once be to the Catholics.This result had great appeal to the to a greater extent secular rulers throughout Europe who sought to disentangle themselves from papal oversight and influence. Under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor Mathias, Protest and Catholic factions had gained equity of representation and influence throughout the Hapsburg controlled regions. This unification was driven, in part, by the larger Muslim threat presented by the ottoman Empire.This truce, however, was an uneasy one with all the characteristics of a 17th century Cold W ar between the two religious sects, and as the balance shifted with the rise of a new monarch, each side began an arms race to defend their interests from the other. The appointment of the intransigent Catholic monarch, Ferdinand II, posed a threat to Protestants throughout the various Habsburg controlled territories. apparitional hegemony of individual States was the preferred condition of German rulers in the early 17th century.The religion of the ruler shall be the religion of his subjects was a motto that was very salutary and dear to many of the European rulers of the day. This rang especially true among the Catholic territories where the Church exercised much greater political influence than their Protestant counterparts. So when the balance of Protestant and Catholic controlled States was disrupted with the ascension of Ferdinand II a widely acknowledged Catholic zealot to the throne of Bohemia it brought a face to the fears of the Protestant nobility.In an attack to lim it his religious edicts, the Protestant Bohemians entreated for religious freedoms of their newly throned monarch. The harsh dismissal of these entreaties was the spark that ignited the powder keg that Central Europe had become, and the subsequent Defenestration of Prague resulting in the death of Ferdinands representatives by Protestant rebels signaled the start of uprisings in Hungary, Transylvania, and the rest of Bohemia. This uprising spread throughout Europe, drawing in both political and religious powers to become decisively engaged.The unresolved religious dissent among the people and the Habsburg ruler served as a lodestone for conflict throughout Europe and lead in conclusion to the decline of the Holy Roman Empire into several small autonomous territories. Early successes by the Hapsburg against the Bohemians, and later the Palatinate States, led to the direct involvement of France and Holland allying against the Hapsburgs. Their efforts were later back up by England, S weden, Denmark, Savoy and Venice.These State actors all had their own agendas but ostensibly acted in support of the Protestant rebellion whose secular distancing from Church control appealed to both the ruling classes and commoners alike. The war ravaged the German countryside and some estimates have nearly half of the population were killed, wounded, or displaced, with some areas such as Wurttemberg losing nearly 75% of their population. The Peace of Westphalia which was signed in the fall of 1648 signified the end of the war.Alsace became part of France, while Sweden gained much of the German Baltic coast, while the Emperor had to recognize the sovereign rights of the German princes, and equality between Protestant and Catholic states, while Spain, in a separate peace, finally acknowledged the independence of the Dutch Republic. The Habsburg crown was now, more than ever, subject to the auspices of the Imperial Diet, also termed the Reichstag or German Parliament, which exists to this day.When viewing the root cause of the Thirty Years War under the Clausewitzian perspective, we see that the People node of the paradoxical trinity was the most influential during that time. This war is often termed the War of Religion as religion was either the root cause of conflict, or the excuse used to mask political machination in efforts to expand power and influence. But in truth, religion was merely the vehicle by which contention among the commoners and landowners took shape to facilitate change of the current governmental structure.Upon the conclusion of the war, after the smoke had cleared and the damage was tallied, Habsburg power was irrevocably shattered and France emerged as the new epicenter of European influence and might. But the consequences extended beyond the immediate outcomes of the war. The resulting Peace of Westphalia changed the very relationships between citizens and the State, extricating religion from the government and laying the can for mode rn civic relationships of todays democracies.

Pro-Slavery Arguments Essay

Slavery was at its peak both economic eithery and contr oversially during the 19th century. The pro thrall forces of the south proposed many arguments to defend their institution that they held dear. Legal, religion, and economic arguments were all economic consumptiond to cut their support of slavery. The largest defense of slavery came from the political aspects of it.Legal arguments and defenses were used more frequently than any means of support. The largest attempts to save slavery came with compromises. Many famous compromises aroused during the 19th century over slavery and the territories. The compromise that stands out more than any former(a) was the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which declared that any new territory above 3630 would be free, and any territory south of that line would be slave. This settled the argument of slavery for a little while and was a great way of temporarily preserving their institution. Another argument used in support of slavery was that slaves w ere property, and individuals had the constitutional in force(p) to their property.With this defense, it gave them a constitutional advantage. Another famous decision in favor of the southwesterly was the Dred Scott decision. This Supreme Court decision allowed proslavery forces to use the argument that blacks were not raft in that respectfore they had no constitutional rights including freedom. This was another constitutional advantage that came from a Supreme Court interpretation of the constitution. The south presented a formidable argument to save up slavery with these legal arguments however there were overly the economic and religious aspects to take into consideration as well.There were many economical aspects to the question over slavery. The south presented the necessity of slave labor for prosperity as one example. Without the use of slavery, plantations and cash crops wouldnt have succeeded nearly as well because there was simply not enough man power to equal the la bor that the slaves put in. This would have affected the whole nation but more predominantly the south because cash crops were their most significant economic activity by far. Another argument was that slavery would never expand north because they had no use for land north of the 3630 line because it simply wasnt fit for producing cash crops or housing plantations.Only the southern lands were fertile and climatic enough tomeet their needs. One more significant economic argument used to back up slavery was slaves were treated better working on plantations than free blacks were in the north. Plantation owners wanted to keep excellent care for their slaves because without high moral and work force, they would be useless. Therefore, plantations offered 3 meals a day, housing, and many other perks for slaves in which most free blacks couldnt gain on their small incomes. This was a chief point often made by the south. Religion also played a key role for southerners and their fight to def end slavery.Slavery was often defended by Christianity and religion in the South. Southerners often used the Bible itself to justify slavery, citing how slavery has always existed from biblical times to what was their present day. They argued that it was a fact of life and was meant to be. Proslavery forces even went to the extreme in saying that Jesus himself found zilch wrong with slavery and he too accepted and embraced it. Never once was there a citing in the Bible of Jesus frustration with slavery they argued. locomote of all, they stated that they were spreading Christianity by introducing Africans to Christianity and converting them therefore spreading the word of God and Christianity more and more. They were Africans more civilized by converting them and introducing them to their religious ways. These were the religious arguments on behalf of the South for the most part.All in all, the South presented a very strong case in support of their ideals. By incorporating all of th ese religious, economic, and legal aspects into their defense, they offered a glib defense of their sacred institution.

Civil Engineering Administration Essay

Engineering Administration Introduction A NZ property developer scratch proposed to develop an office building in Beijing, The Republic of China. This requires the ingestion of FIDIC Conditions of Contracts for Construction (i. e. the 1999 flushed disc) which is different in the dispute resolution mechanisms compare to the local NZS 39102003 Conditions of Contract. intention The first objective of this report is to compare the difference in the dispute resolution mechanisms between the 1999 blood-red Book and the NZS 39102003 Conditions of Contract.The second objective is to give detailed comments to the dispute resolution mechanisms in these 2 standards. Tables and hunt down charts Discussion There are many differences in the dispute resolution mechanisms between the 1999 Red Book and the NZS 39102003 Condition of Contracts. Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows the flow of structure for dispute in both 1999 Red Book and NZS 39102003. The figures show that the general flow path between the two acts is similar. For both acts, the engineer that is responsible for the contract is always the first person (party) to be referred to.If the engineer cannot solve the dispute, both acts urge on a method of dispute resolution (by a apathetic third party) before referring to arbitration. Arbitration is the last method of dispute resolution that can be used for both acts, the decision from arbitration is call an award and binding and enforceable to both the clients and the contractors. There are 5 major differences between 1999 Red Book and NZS 39102003. The differences are listed on table 1. The first difference is the difference in engineers position and engineers response. In the 1999 Red Book, the engineer is an employee of the client.The response of the engineer can be regard as the response of the client to the contractor (Cl 20. 1). In the NZS 39102003, the engineer is a third neutral party responsible for the contract. The decision of the engineer is final and bindi ng on when both the client and the contractor are satisfied. There is also another exquisite difference that the engineer can do while making engineers review between the two acts. It can make a lodge with an agreed expert to make recommendations to assist to square up the dispute with the consent of the client and the contractor.This is similar to adjudication, but with the involvement of the engineer. The second difference is the difference in obligation of the engineer to give it decision to the dispute. In 1999 Red Book, the engineer must give it response to the contractor within 42 age aft(prenominal) receiving the claim to obey the law. In the NZS39102003, the engineer is expect to give a response to the dispute in 20 operative days. However, the engineer may consider to not give any decision within the time limit which is not against the law.In this case, the client and the contractor could refer to other adjudication border to resolve the dispute. The third differenc e is the difference in the recommended method of dispute resolution to take before referring to arbitration. The 1999 Red Book recommend to referred to dispute adjudication get along with. The NZS39102003 recommend to referring to a mediator. The dispute adjudication board is panel of experienced and expertised reviewer which is organised before the construction begins and meets at the job site periodically.There, the reviewer in the dispute adjudication board is familiar with the job procedure and progress. The mediator is an independent neutral third party which acts as the case manager and the facilitator of the dispute. The mediator does not have to be expertise and it does not have previous relationship with the contract before the mediation undertaken. The fourth difference is that in there is an extra obligated process which is required to be undertaken in the 1999 Red Book but not in the NZS 39102003.Clause 20. 5 in the 1999 Red Book indicates that before low gear of arbit ration, both parties shall attempt to settle the dispute amicable. In the NZS 39102003 There is no similar regulations. The fifth difference is the difference between the restriction dates for all the go in the dispute resolution procedure in figure 1 and figure 2. The 1999 Red Book has specified clearly the restriction time. The NZS39102003 use working days and sometimes months in it regulations.For example, the restriction on the submission date for contractors claim is within 28 days in 1999 Red Book after he became or should have become aware of the eventthe restriction date of the same situation in NZS 39102003 is 1 month. Obviously, the clear number of days used in the 1999 Red Book is more formal and precise than the use of month in the NZS 39102003. In some other step, the NZS 39102003 sometimes use working days. For example, the engineer review shall give a formal decision within 20 working days (clause 13. 2. 4). The use of working days is

Girl Postitive Essay

The movie Girl Positive is about, Rachel, a teenage girl Rachel in high school that has come in mite with the disease human immunodeficiency virus. The movie shows how people in her high school view the disease. They also stereotype it, saying only gay people can get. They are quickly proven wrong though. A recent report put up on the school website shows that the star athlete that graduated before them was doing heroin. He had just died in a car accident and they found it in his system and in his car. Everybody was completely shocked.After the report came out Rachel received a message that told her that this star athlete, Jason, had HIV. They were concerned about her well-being and asked if she also had the disease because she had lost her virginity to him at a party. Rachel became close with a new teacher at the school who conveniently worked at an AIDS clinic too. She asked to do some community service down there for extra credit. While Rachel was there she snuck a HIV test and took it. Later on, the results came back positive and the teacher was trying to help her out but Rachel didnt want to listen.She was scared and didnt want anyone to know. Rachel tried telling her boyfriend, but he didnt understand. The rumors started in her school about her having it and her life felt like it was falling apart. But then Mark, Jasons brother, came to Rachel with a video admitting that Jason was HIV positive. They decided the school needed to know. When they all found out, almost the entire senior class went to this AIDS clinic and were getting tested. Rachel and her mom stood by each others side and got blood test done to know for sure.The movie ended with the doctor saying she was positive which I designate was a really disappointing ending. I thought this movie was really good. It shows that people really do not know about this awful disease. They entail it will kill them instantly, but really wont if they take the right meds. I also think its very insightful. A lthough a circularise of the scenes in the school were off because personally that wasnt like my school at all. I think this is a really good movie to shows because it gives a lot of facts on HIV that I didnt know and Im sure many other teenagers dont know either.

Isaac Newton and Sigmund Freud Essay

Birth decree is defined as a souls or tyke rank/position by age among his/her sibling. Everybody has a birth order including ones family members, teachers, co workers and friends in school. Birth order is a unique phenomenon that is said to shape the personality of an individual. While there atomic number 18 factors like race, age, gender and age help shape the personality of an individual, birth order is considered one of the determinants of an individual character. Empathy refers to the ability of an individual to understand another persons nipings and feelings and to be in a position to sh atomic number 18 the feelings with other people.Its the ability of considering another persons feelings and considering them as important as ones own feelings in addition. Empathy is often associated with birth order because every child born often enters into a diametrical environment different form the previous child. Because empathy involves understanding the feelings of others, it ca n also mean recognizing the emotions of another person and the focusing they are characterized (Zajonc and Gregory 79). This is because since emotions are commonly the combination of beliefs and ideas, then getting this concept is more essential to empathy.The human capacity to identify the body feelings of the other are related to the birth order in several ways. People believe that emphatic personality traits that children possess depend on the birth rank of the child. basic borns are considered the near intelligent, responsible, obedient, the least emotional and least creative. Middle children are considered envious. Last borns are seen as creative, emotional, disobedient, irresponsible and talkative. This can make some children to feel not loved.First borns are exposed to but adult expression while afterward borns are exposed to adult language but also to the slight mature vocalizations of their older siblings. This affects the verbal environment of the later born. This dilution becomes more pronounced for each additional child born. This differential exposure to mature language may be the reason for later borns reduced performance on verbal, vocabulary and reading comprehension tests as compared to first borns. Birth order explains the different personalities that siblings often have.When a child first becomes aware of the environment, he first identifies his niche. This issue brings competitions that exist in the siblings for the parental resources and as this competition sprouts up, the last borns arise counter strategies and the whole thing looks like a race for the best in the family. Its this competition that causes the different personalities in an individual (Sulloway, Frank J. 38). Since the later borns often learn from the first borns, the later borns are often are more empathic than the first borns.This is because the later borns expand their language development by learning from the older siblings. They can be in a position to underst and the behaviours and emotions and their causes. Later borns are therefore said to use a convinced(p) social behaviour. Development of empathy has over the years been seen as a cognitive issue while others refer to it as a primary effective process. The cognitive development of a child is different in different children in the birth order. Firstborns are considered assertive and very anxious because they develop their cognitive processes by observing this development in their parents.The later born on the other hand often learn from their older siblings and therefore their character is often less assertive. Since the older borns are wiser, older and more powerful, the later borns often are diverse in their interest and they therefore are open in most of their relationship. Good examples that explain the nature of first borns being assertive are scientists nature like Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton and Sigmund Freud. Latter borns are said to only follow the first borns decision as i s evident in the supporters of these scientists (Hoff-Ginsberg 625).The effect of birth order on a childs behaviour is normally considered overrated. There are other variables in the family that are said to also affect the personality in a child and they include the spacing surrounded by the siblings, the age of the first borns and the size of the family. Certain characteristics of the child therefore are associated with the family size. If an individual did not develop in his younger years in the emotion of empathy there is likelihood that at the older years, the child give have diverse effects.The behaviours at old age often show differences between the siblings who are the first borns and those who are the last borns. Often those who are first borns will develop a less emphatic behaviour because they did not get a closer relationship from their parents, the later borns on the other hand will love challenging the status quo and getting attention and also creative in their work. This explains the importance of birth order in getting along with friends, family and fellow workers at job, and often feeling for them.Research has also shown that birth order affects sentimentalist relationships and personality, the first borns said to be lees emphatic on their spouses and therefore are so hard to maintain peaceful relationships while the later borns are more emphatic and therefore form good relationships. In conclusion, birth order is considered an important aspect in the development of empathy in a child. Often the child will develop different characteristics depending on the position of his birth.Its important for parents to learn the characteristics of a child by considering the birth order so that it will help predict the behaviour and personality of the next child. Work cited Hoff-Ginsberg, E. The Relation of Birth Order and Socioeconomic Status to Childrens talking to Experience and Language Development Applied Psycholinguistics 19 1998603-629. Sulloway, Frank J. Born to Rebel Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives, New York Pantheon, 1996 28-42 Zajonc, R and Gregory B. Birth Order and Intellectual Development, Psychological survey 82, No. 1, 197574-88.

Computers Are Replacing More and More Jobs

Living today in the intimately advanced age of technologies, humans have benefited from computers. We goatnot deny the fact that computers play a crucial usance in the various aspects of our lives. We get a treat of help from computers and believe that computers could make peoples lives and jobs easier. But on the other hand, we forget the other fact that computers would eliminate jobs too.For example, Manufacture of all kinds of self-assurance products the computer easily does, like typewriter, adding machine, photocopier or even CD player, DVD player, and radio. In publishing, a lot of jobs are gone, many in layout and production, since computers do layout and design faster and more accurately. Even in hotel and work industry, there have been significant losses in administration in hotels because of significant advances in the way people book and check in.Nowadays, most bookings for hotels are made through websites instead of phoning up and having your wee-wee written in a book. Additionally, management and running of a hotel can now be do all by one person. One person can have a computer with coercive hotel management software on it which can control all functions of a hotel and allocate when and where people go forth arrive. Moreover, as computers take over peoples jobs, neighborly and stinting problems increase. Lack of human interactions can cause social problems.People can do banking and shopping without contacting people. It will bring less slavery between people and less respect for human beings. Furthermore, there are economical problems. Even though low payment job positions disappear quickly, high school payment job positions, such as high technology based job positions, are increased. The gap between these two groups will become wider. The economical unbalance can cause a lot of economical problems as well as social problems.

“Globalization” or “inter-nationalization” Essay

Whether we c each(prenominal) it globoseisation or inter- terra firmaalization, very few people, organizations or states defend to advanceTo what extent do you agree with this bidding? world-wideisation is without doubt it is a buzz word of the conviction it is a word that take inms to be constantly mentioned in the news on the television or radio. that what does support in a globalized world re all in ally meanspirited? As a starting fleck this essay depart attempt to interpret its meaning by applying four main theories and using these theories to wrangle the impact of globalisation on individuals, organisations and states. It will go on to explore three different positions on global change and how each perspective might view its effects including identifying possible weaknesses in their arguments. This will enable a decision to be made as to what extent the question whether we call it globalization or inter-nationalization, very few people, organisations or states stand to benefit can be agreed with.Globalization can be vulcanized fiberized by four distinctive features.First it involves a stretching of social, political and scotch activities across nation-state boundaries. What is happening on what might be geographically the other side of the world, affects the other and peculiar(prenominal) local increments can consent considerable global consequences. Examples of this would be global climate change, environmental issues such(prenominal) as pollution into the atmosphere and oceans, poverty etc. We are all losers in terms of global problems such as pollution acid rain, toxic waste etc and it extremely daunting to think that we are totally limitless in our control of them. For good example, in April 1986 an accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power beam in the USSR. This god a cloud carrying radioactive inciteicles to hit Britain. Ten years on, as a proceeds of the fall-out, 70,000 sheep in Cumbria remained contaminated (C ochrane, A. and Pain, K. (2004), p.18).Second, it is marked by the intensification of flows of trade. Technological developments have accelerated over the past 20 years the introduction of mobile phones, the internet, satellite television means that communication across the planet is nigh instantaneous. There are hundreds of satellites floating above the earth, each one carrying a huge amount of information. physiological distance is no longer an issue we are being brought much closer to news/issues/events from or so the world this could be seen as good or bad although for the ones that have it, access to much much information has to be a good thing. Losers would undoubtedly be people without internet access and organisations with a less developed communication infrastructure. The way people work is ever-changing working from home is now much more than viable and this has to be a good thing for individuals and companies because it provides more flexibility all round.Third, it can be linked to increasing interpenetration or the bringing together distant cultures and societies breast to face with each other at local level, good examples of this would be Microsoft, Coca Cola, McDonalds and Starbucks. This could be seen as good or bad, many people dont like the fact that these huge companies redact smaller privately owned companies out of business and that everything is becoming so uniformed local places with character are being lost. Global trade on the whole is increasing which may mean more jobs, better employment prospects for roughly but on the down sound it may also mean many home communities are devastated when local companies are bought out by multinational ones that cut takings and benefits and/or moves production overseas. This could lead to the inequality gap widening further which will ultimately cause conflict and potentially from this point of view we are all losers here too.And forth, the development of a global infrastructure the a uthority of nations is territorially bound therefore international organisations such as The United Nationals, The human beings Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation all play a part in regulating and governing the global system and are new forms of agency brought or so because of globalization. It could be make dod that in this borderless economy, nation states have no option but to accommodate global market forces cod to their power, limiting their options.Furthermore, a growth in international trade (often due to lower trade barriers) will encourage more competition. This could be seen as having winners and losers but reducing trade barriers in particular may reduce the role of governments which, in turn, could encourage corruption. There is no doubt that many developing countries have increased their share of world trade as a result of globalization although this may be at the detriment of the poorer countries.There are three positions which a ll have a different perspective on the term globalization these are the globalist, inter-nationalist and transformationalist and all three have strengths and weaknesses to their arguments.Globalists on the whole see Globalisation as something that is real and is happening that changes are happening socially and economically and that it is an inevitable, irreversible development that should not be resisted. But globalists themselves fall into two categories optimistic/ electropositive globalists and pessimistic globalists.Optimistic/positive Globalists view it as a process that is beneficial. They would probably disagree with the statement that very few people, organizations or states stand to benefit because they welcome the changes that it brings such as improvement on the quality of life, raising living standards and the bringing together of societies and cultures promoting a better understanding of each other. They acknowledge that globalisation is not all good news, that with it issues such as global environmental pollution, for example, but want citizens to take responsibility for their actions, to go steady for ways of minimising the damage through their own actions and through the use of new technologies.They may have unmarked however, that local Governments/authorities may be limited in their actions in relation to worldwide/global issues and that globalization is certainly not developing in an even handed way. In Tony Giddens Reith crucify he quotes Globalisation some argue creates a world of winners and losers, a few on the profligate track to prosperity, the majority condemned to a life of misery and despair and indeed the statistics are daunting. The share of the poorest fifth of the worlds population in global income has dropped from 2.3% to 1.4% over the past 10 years. The proportion taken by the richest 5th on the other hand has risen (Tony Gidden Reith ride Runaway World 1999). demoralized globalists regard it with hostility, believing that it increases inequality between nations, threatens employment and hinders social progress. Moreover they moot that globalization is devising the world become more homogeneous with the demise of sovereignty and national identities as well as the demise of politicians capabilities to influence events. A pessimistic view would probably be that only the giant multi-national companies (usually American) stand to benefit since the US has a dominant economic, cultural and military position in the global intent of things. They would probably view globalization as nothing more than corporate hegemony and would definitely agree with the statement about very few people, organizations or states benefiting. A weakness of the pessimistic globalist view is that they dont seem to have a clear solution to the problem, its like they want to reverse period and go back to how it was. They undermine the existing structure but have no idea about any clear alternatives.According to the inter-nat ionalists all the talk about globalization is exactly that just talk. They believe that the world carries on much the same as it ever did that it isnt especially different from that which existed in previous periods and that increases in global trade across the world is just progression based on world trading links that have been established for many years a continuation of the past.They argue that a good deal of economic exchange is between regions rather than being truly worldwide, for example countries of the European Union mostly trade among themselves. This whole view seems unrealistic. World financial flows have bounteous exponentially since the 1970s and advances in technology have undoubtedly helped with transactions becoming instantaneous with 24 hour global financial markets. International trade has also grown to unprecedented levels and involves a much wider range of goods and services. As a result a weakness of theirs would be that underestimate the power of nation st ates and possibly put too much faith in the capabilities of national governments.The third transformationslists is somewhere in between the two. They believe that something is happening, that changes are taking place and that the effects of globalisation should not be underestimated. dissimilar the globalists they believe that nothing is pre-determined or inevitable and that national, local and other agencies still have room for transport and that maybe new solutions may have to be found. A strength of the transformationalist is that they see sovereignty as having to be shared among other private and public agencies.They would probably sit on the fence as to whether people, organizations or states stand to benefit from globalization. Some people do benefit, some dont. Some organisations benefit, some dont, and so on. It might depend on who you are, what you are, where you live etc. A weakness of the transformationalist would be that they are somewhat blinded by the scale of glob al inequalities that are developing as a result of rationalisation as they tend to have more of a regional focus.The word globalization seems to have come from no where to be almost everywhere. Globalisation is political, technological, cultural and economic, it affects everyone and its effects can be seen everywhere. There are winners and losers but with reference to the original question in the introductory paragraph personally it would have to be a disagreement with this statement. Globalization is not something that should be shirked but the challenges it presents need to be controlled because it is now part of the way we live and its not going to go away. Metaphorically speechmaking it may mean a shrinking world but it is creating something that has never existed before and it is without doubt changing our world, for better or worse, no matter where or whom we happen to be.ReferencesCochrane, A. and Pain, K, A globalizing society in Held, D. (ed) (2004)Gidden Reith, A. Lectur e Runaway World (1999)Held, D. A globalizing world? Culture, economics, politics, London, Routledge/The Open University

An Undisputed Social Issue in The Philippines Essay

Poverty is a state of being unforesightful, indigence, deficiency of material things and finances. Poverty puts stack into the lowest level in a parliamentary law. Poor people, most of the time, atomic number 18 neglected by the organisation, shunned by the society and non given(p) enough opportunities to prosper. They live in a filthy environment, animation among a community of criminals. We discharge enumerate countless of unpleasant words to define the effect of destitution, and there be countless of reasons and causes for these.Poverty remains the central nurture issue in the Philippines and, despite the ambitious development goals laid out by the government, the rustic has not been able to sustain the economicalal growth unavoidable to reduce poverty to acceptable levels. Why Poverty Remains a Social Issue in the Philippines First, there is a fundamental disconnect between Filipino elites and the poor.The political leadership in the Philippines has constantly b een drawn from those elites, and those politicians have traditionally played the role of patrons and benefactors, relying on the pork barrel and personal/family currency (of ex acquired through corruption) to essentially buy ballots. The core principle of democracy that representatives should be drawn from those they represent and root on for the true interests of their constituents has not been operative (Abueva, 1964). Philippine chairmans in particular have been drawn from the ranks of the wealthy and privileged.How do-nothing they relate to what it agent to be poor or hungry? Even if their hearts in the right place (which is not all that common), well-photographed visits to squatter settlements are not the answer. Second, the Philippines system is exceedingly politicized. President Arroyo herself is already focused on the 2004 presidential elections. In a sense, you cant blame GMA. Her predecessor, Erap, had a built-in constituency among the masa. simply President Arr oyo must create such a base, given that she is the daughter of a previous President and has virtually nothing in common with the poor people of her democracy.Look to a greater extent than than bothers of scarcity essayShe has worked hard to develop support among the common folk, dressed in jeans with regularity, and sung on stage with popular recording artists. She has to a fault latched onto fighting poverty as a key insurance policy emphasis. In her State-of-the-Nation (SONA) address on July 22nd, she emphasized the so-called rolling stores trucks loaded with subsidized rice, rice, sugar, and canned spunk that ply the streets of Manila as a sterling example of her administrations anti-poverty programs.The single problem was that her remarks had knowledgeable economists practically rolling in the aisles, given that few poor people ever draw and quarter access to the trucks and only 5% of the nations poor live in Metro Manila. But real poverty alleviation programs where the y are most needed say in rural Mindanao would deprivation the publicity opportunities of the rolling stores on Manila streets. Additionally, several other studies list shine the primary causes of poverty in the Philippines in terms of economic state 1. The basic economic problem in the Philippines is inefficient and very low incomes. 2.The finances of the Government had become steadily worse and were not critical, The Treasury had a large and mounting deficit with taxes covering little more than 60% of the expenditures. 3. The country had an excessive mint of imports. In the meantime, the volume of exports was less than before the war an d could be expected to grow only gradually. 4. There had been inequalities in the level of income of people. While the standard of living of a enormous segment of the commonwealth remained below that of the pre-war level, the profits of businessmen and large landowners had risen considerably.Under the circumstances, the continued rise in th e prices of commodities tended to enchant real income from the poor to the wealthy and 5. The inefficiency and corruption in the government led the people to lose their trustingness and confidence in the ability of the government to protect the interest of all the people. The result was demoralization of the people. gibe to history, the destruction of the national economy as a result of the war posed serious problems of subsistence and of wild pansy and order (Agoncillo, 1990).In such circumstances the leaders if the nation could only rely on the coupled States for financial and other material aid. The hundreds of millions of dollars given t the Philippines by the United States in the form of property and surplus properties were used to rehabilitate agriculture, commerce, trade and industry. Some of it, however, went to the pockets of dishonest officials. There were marked adjoins in the raw national output and income, barely the cost of living, as a whole, continues to so ar or, at least, to remain atmospherics on the basis of the immediate post-liberation years.At the same time, labor grew and continues to grow, demanding increases in wages and better living conditions. The total picture of the national economy has improved, but the improvements are not sufficient to bring down cost of living, which has remained one of the highest in the world. Agricultural production The destruction caused by the last war told intemperately on the productive capacity of the people and their standard of living (Agoncillo, 1990). With financial help oneself from the United States, however, the government, in the first ten years of the Republic, had succeeded in at least partially solving the minor economic problems.Thus, for instance, crop production from 1946 and 1956 increased from 3, 507, 200 mensurable tons to almost double the amount of 6, 274, 900 metric tons. This increased production was the upshot of the expanded area defineed to food crops and the appl ication of improved means of increasing the yield per hectare, such as the use of fertilizer, irrigation, the use of better seeds, and the effective use of chemicals against plant pests and diseases. Production of export crops too increased tremendously from 315, 000 metric tons in 1956, with copra and sugar guide all export crops.Other exports desire abaca, tobacco and their by-products have not so far exclusively recovered from the effects of the last war (Martin, 1999). However, some are blamed upon the things done by exacting individuals from high to low profile individuals such as commonwealth growth some Filipinos believe that it is lifelike for every married woman to bear a child in their wombs because they are with their husbands (Friedman et al. , 1977). And this are very wrong beliefs since if you will be reasonable enough, you will realize that having a child is always unitedly with great responsibility that has no end.And that you will realize that having more a nd more children will cause great scarcity in your family such as you would not be able to send your children to school and you would not be able to provide enough foods so that you children will be healthy and do goodness in school. Population growth is also the reason for a number of malnourish children in the Philippines. Unemployment is also a very common cause of poverty in the Philippines since there are several Filipinos who are unemployed plus the fact that there are many companies that are affected of the global economic crisis.And the least thing that you can do about unemployment is to find a best way on generating money like you can accept laundry operate, plumbing services, or electrical repair services if you are skilled enough to do the job. Then, you could start a certain profitable business like food house or a small store that does not require you much not bad(p) so that you will not find it hard to save enough money from the services that you are offering. Gover nance c one timern is still deemed as one of the main reasons of poverty in the Philippines because of the activities of the corrupt government officials.They are using the money of the people to achieve the power and authority that they wanted to have and once they have it they will automatically take advantage of their power to the point that they will neglect the unite of the people and set aside their promises when they are just campaigning and try to convince the people to vote for them. Agricultural problems also pose as the natural cause of the poverty in the Philippines because of the wrong activities of people.They injure the treasure of the constitution for their own sake without any idea that the nature they are destroying is the main character reference of almost all the products that exist in this world. Some of the examples of destroying the nature are the irresponsible disposal of wastes and trash, dynamite fishing, illegal logging and more. Another cause is said to be disability this is also one of the accomplishable causes of poverty in the Philippines since more and more people nowadays become disabled because of several illnesses and diseases that deck out like AH1N1 virus, SARS, dengue, and more.Disability may be also caused by uncontrolled population growth, for instance, you have ten kids in the house, and can you imagine attending to their needs everyday? Well, definitely not so the angle of dip is that they are prone to accidents that will cause them to be disabled since they are at very juvenility age that are typically playful. Starvation has also been one of the primary effects of poverty in the Philippines. Eating is necessary for us to survive. As humans we need to eat three times a day or more. Unfortunately, not all of us can succumb this kind of living.Many people, children and families in this world, suffer from hunger due to lack of finances for their everyday needs. Based on the record of UNICEF, more than half of t he children all over the world are malnourished. Most of them came from countries that are less abundant. Apparently, research shows that learning has also been a problem in the Philippines. It is not prioritized by the government because only the privileged can have access to basic education in the sense that most of the children in the Philippines could not afford the needs of a student such as food, clothing, school materials and even fares used for transportation.There are also schools which offer free education like the government schools and private schools which accept scholarships, but still, lack in financial support is their main dilemma. These are just some of the reasons why most of the students from various levels take education for granted. Instead of going to school, they spent their time working in order to help their families energize a living. The masses have multiplied extremely. Increase in opportunities for employment has not unless overcome the rapid increa se in population, resulting in the multiplication of the number of jobless proletariat.When one considers that a large number of school children become school orphans that is, they leave school before or after(prenominal) finishing Grade IV, and that they eventually become peasants or laborers, one ceases to wonder why the base of the angular structure of society has widened considerably. The strong contrast between the upper classes and the lower classes is that the former are earning more and more and the latter less and less. In other words, the distribution of wealth is one-sided as to make society top heavy.In the countrys present situation, the economy of the Philippines is struggling. The government has a considerable debt from the World Bank and those money which the government borrowed where not used in projects which could alleviate poverty but were where lost to corruption. Thats why many Filipinos blame the government for the slow progression of our country. The Phili ppines was even given a tag as one of the most corrupt countries in Asia.Many people also blame the government because regardless of scarcity that all of us are experiencing, the government still manages to increase the prices of the merchandise in the markets. Conclusion True anti-poverty programs take a long time to bear fruit, and the politically-driven nature of Philippine government sector programs almost ensures that the emphasis will continue to be on strong fixes or interventions that provide high visibility and political payoffs (Warner & Harris). This is unfortunate given the seriousness of the situation and the implications for the country if concerted action is not taken.Poverty and malnutrition are already at alarming levels in this country, and the countrys too-rapid population growth is magnifying the strain on limited budgetary resources. The rapidly growing population is jeopardizing the quality of basic social services, contributing to the ongoing decline in quali ty of basic education, and contain access to health care ( peculiarly primary health care, reproductive health/family planning, immunization, and feeding programs). Achieving any satisfying reduction in poverty will require rapid economic growth, growth of a order of magnitude not seen in recent years.Further, addressing issues of inequality will require significant investments in human capital, especially in improving the quantity and quality of primary education. The result of such unbalanced development of society is discontent and grave social problems such as poverty. The extreme poverty has given rise to starvation in some communities an to criminality, The unequal distribution of material possessions, in which the rich wlallow in wealth and the poor in filth is one of the reasons for the rise in criminality.Poverty has alos given rise to a novel class known as squatters. References Abueva, J. V. Bridging the Gap Between the Elite and the People in the Philippines, Philippi ne ledger of Public Administration, October 1964, pp. 325-347 Agoncillo, T. V. (1990). History of the Filipino People Eighth Edition. (pp. 503-512. ) Quezon City Garotech Publishing. Faith, R. (1996). Poverty, A History Of. Journal of untaught Studies, 12(2), 212-214. Friedmann, B. , Coy R. , & Wilson, L. (1977).Emergences Gender struggles for livelihood in Latin America. Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center Publications, University of California. Martin, A. A. (1999) Philippine arena Reform Perpetuating US Colonial Policy. Philippine Studies, Volume 47, Second Quarter 1999 Warner, J. , & Harris, R. (n. d. ). Problems with poverty in tierce world countries. In M. B. Duran (Ed. ), Poverty and identity studies in self and culture (pp. 39-58). Amsterdam Daryl Benjamins Publishing Company.

Explore the Ways in Which Bullies and Victims Are Present in Lord of the Flies and Dna Essay

English coursework, James LuxtonExplore the ways in which bullies and victims argon presented in churchman of the Flies and DNA. Bullies and Victims play vital roles in both the novel and the play. The authors, Golding and Kelly, both spue their founts by dint of similar trials. In Lord of the Flies, Goldings characters turn from normal school boys, to savages who ar prompt to kill atomic number 53 another to gain power. Golding suggests that under certain circumstances, good deal impart naturally obtain to give out more barbaric and savage. In DNA the characters ar thrust into a world of privateness where they conduct to cover things up to save themselves, Kelly himself wrote this I dont think I salve characters who are bad, I think I write characters who are difficult to do the right thing, merely are failing. Kelly gives no description to the lives of his characters before the death of go, suggesting that they may have lead bare lives, notwithstanding they h ave been thrust into a world of violence that spirals out of control. In Lord of the Flies, Golding impresses upon the referee how childrens judgements of their peers are based around their physical appearance which will directly impact whether they are seen as possible leaders or victims. In contrast, Kelly gives us no description of his characters appearance and offers no real clear reason why hug drug is the victim in this way the violence is little readily unders alsod, and ultimately more terrorization. Golding clearly demonstrates to the contributor how physical appearance effects a characters treatment in the opening chapter of Lord of the Flies.Even though they have just survived a plane crash and are apparently the only survivors on the island, Ralph constantly snubs piggy based on the position that Piggy is fat, has asthma, and to a fault wears glasses. Ralph shuns him, despite Piggy being incredibly adroit, and it is Piggy who suggests most of the things for the boy s to do, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as using the conch to call an assembly. Ralph doesnt realise the true value of Piggy until after his death. at that place was no Piggy to talk guts shows Ralphs despair. When he really needed help, Piggy was eer there to offer advice, whereas now, after his death, Ralph doesnt know what to do. Through this Golding is inferring that people judge others simply on their appearance, and people who appear weak will always be targeted by society, no matter how intelligent they are. In complete contrast, Kelly gives the reader no description of any character in DNA, and in detail no description of thescenery.Kelly gives no clear indication of why exaltation is the victim, which suggests that any other i of the characters in the play may have been the victim, and on a much wider scale, it suggests that anybody in society may be susceptible to becoming a victim this makes the violence that the multitude inflict on cristal much more frightening , beca recitation we are more likely to think that this could even travel by to us. Kelly shows us with his depiction of ecstasy just how desperate some people are to become part of a chemical group. Adam must continually show loyalty to them all in order to feel safe. They become so desperate to be popular and accepted by people, they are willing to do anything for the group or the people in power to the point where they are literally willing to risk their lives. Kelly also depicts just how far a group of bullies will go to test loyalty. The group made Adam run crosswise the motorway and nick some Vodka these criminal and life- fleshy activities were readily undertaken by Adam even though Jan sleep withs that you could tell he was scared. Alarmingly, the group were simply testing how far hell go. Kelly demonstrates how groups can manipulate people and exploit their fear and desperation to belong rather than be al unmatchable. . Kelly shows this by Mark when he says we can mak e him do, we can make him do- Marks excess and unfinished sentence suggests that he was possibly so uncomfortable with what was done that he struggles to fully acknowledge it.Although he claims that they were having a laugh, really, he was laughing, his words give him away. He sounds as if he is trying to convince himself and the separation of the word really makes him sound desperate. Golding also suggests to the reader just how desperate people are to become part of a group, and how in some situations, becoming part of a group may literally be a life and death decision. Ralph, diddley and Simon set out to look the island, and Piggy suggests to Ralph that he should go too, because he was with him when he found the conch and he was with him before anyone else was. Ralph seemingly tries to raise Piggy down gently by saying youre no good on a job like this implying, again, because Piggy is fat and has asthma, he wont be able to financial backing up and he will be a burden to the other boys. In contrast diddlyshit is blunter with Piggy. He simply says we dont want you, threes enough. In this, Jack shows obvious contempt for Piggy. When he firsts speaks to Piggy all he has to offer is youre talking too much, shut up fatty. Jacks obvious loathing of Piggy is evident passim the novel.Through Jacks first contact with Piggy it streng consequentlys the idea that children judge people solely on looks, and as well as this it is obvious that the constant name calling and bullying of Piggy will render him the victim of the boys end-to-end the novel. Both Golding and Kelly alarm their readers with evidence of real violence from the bullies to their elect victims. Violence with stones occurs both in Lord of the Flies and DNA, but they have different consequences. In Lord of the Flies the violent acts begins with Maurice and Roger kicking through the littleuns sandcastles. Before the arrival of Roger and Maurice, the littleuns seem content with being detach from the o ther boys. Three boys played on the beach, if not happily, at least with absorbed attention. Golding suggests that the littleuns had nobody else to do besides eat, sleep and play, so the novelty of the being able to do anything has worn off, but with absorbed attention indicates they still posses the innocence of childhood, so they carry on playing regardless. In contrast, erst Roger and Maurice had kicked over their sandcastles, the littleuns seemed disinterested, so they made no protest. Maurice kicks sand into Percivals eyes, and his reaction to doing this is interesting. Maurice feels guilt through the description of his actions. Instead of staying with Roger, he muttered something about a swim and broke into a trot. The use of the word muttered is significant because it infers that Maurice is trying to create excuses for himself, which shows unease at his actions. In his decision to run to the boys who are swimming, Golding shows that Maurice wants to detach himself from Roge r. It is also noteworthy that he runs away from Roger towards the other boys, inferring that Maurice wishes to distance himself from Roger and the possibility of further actions.Johnny, one of the other littleuns playing around the sandcastles, so begins to copy the actions of Maurice he begins to throw sand into Percivals eyes. This is resonant of the Bandura experiment of 1977, in which he placed an adult in a room with a new-fangled child. The adult was given a Bobo doll, which he was told to shout out repeatedly in the presence of the child. The adult then left and the Bobo doll was given to the child. Over time the child would begin the re-enact the actions of the adult, the child would begin to abuse the Bobo doll this suggests that children are influenced by a person in authority, and that they will copy their actions. Johnny repeats the actions undertaken byMaurice, and this suggests that natural order on the island is beginning to weaken, and that aggression and violenc e is taking over, now even the youthfulnessest children on the island are beginning to experiment with violence. Golding then demonstrates this experimentation of violence through Rogers stalking of Henry, the trey littleun that was playing around the sandcastles. Henry wandered off along the beach, he detaches himself from the rest of group, in this sense his exposes himself and leaves himself vulnerable, but in doing this it shows the reader that he still posses childhood innocence and naivety. Roger follows Henry, hiding in the shadows along the beach. Golding creates and air of menace around roger through his stalking of Henry.As well as this he suggests to the reader that Roger has no fear, when coconuts as big as rugby balls , fell about him with a series of baffling thumps. This lack of care for his own safety is frightening because he doesnt think in the expect way of a young child. The violent acts Roger then commits are frightening because they are simply not expected o f a young child. Roger picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry-threw to miss. But then he doesnt stop there. He continues with these violent acts, he gathers a handful of stones and began to throw them. Rogers violent acts tell the reader that now almost all of the expected childhood innocence has gone, and that the victims are commencement to become apparent. The young, weaker children will be picked on because they are batty and even some of the older boys such as Piggy and Simon will be targeted by looks and personalities. The violence on the island becomes more real and much more terrifying because the violence that would normally be expected of adults is being carried out by young children. In DNA the use of stones is much more violent, to the point where it leads to a death. The group continue to spite Adam, and they continue to test his loyalty to the group. They went up the grille. They force Adam to climb a fence and go walk over a grille covering a hole. This alo ne is potentially life threatening to Adam. The group see that he is scared, and the group mind set is simply to taunt him and to humiliate him. They then being to start pegging stones at him. The use of the word pegging is important because it suggest to the reader that the group are actually trying to hit Adam just for a laugh. Even when the stones hit Adam directly on the nous, they carry on laughing at him, because the shock on his face is sofunny.When Adam slips and falls into the hole underneath the grille, thats when it becomes evident that Mark, the character describing the stoning, realises the consequences of their actions. He repeats so hes a number of times. It is clear that he is unable to come to terms with the fact that he has participated in a murder, and it takes John Tate, the assumed leader of the group, who to begin with banned the word shortly, to finish Marks sentence. Dead. Hes dead. In Lord of the Flies the resembling violent figure is used by Jack and R oger. The sharpening of a stick at both ends. The symbol first comes into use after the hunters kill a pig. He orders Roger to ram on end in the earth. After doing this, Jack, who has decapitated that dead pig, then jammed the soft throat down on the pointed end if the stick this is the first real sign that the boys have transcended into savages. Jack then says its a gift for the beast. Through this it suggests that the boys want to pacify the beast, and in killing the pig and offering its head its almost as if they are worshiping it, as if it has become like a god in which they must pay tribute to. When Roger sharpens the stick at two ends, the sum of this is much more menacing. The boys have now turned into savages, after the deaths of Piggy and Simon, Jack is adamant that Ralph must be captured, and it is evident that Ralph will eventually be killed after torture if he is caught. Ralph is hiding from the rest of the boys, but he meets surface-to-air missilenEric one night so he can find out what will happen to him.At first the twins are reluctant to tell him what Jack has planned, but then came the recondite reply, Roger sharpened a stick a both ends. Ralph is unable to see the true meaning in this, but it is obvious to the reader that Jack wants the same fate for Ralph, as the pigs head earlier in the novel. Roger throughout the novel is presented as the ruthless bully, from when he was throwing stones at Henry, he was the one who released the rock candy that killed Piggy, and now it is clear that he has been ordered to literally bring back Ralphs head. The most frightening moment in DNA comes as a threat from Cathy once she has found Adam. She finds him living in a hedge and after she tries to coax him out, Cathy openly admits that she used violence, she threatened to gouge one of his eyes out this is a reference to Shakespeares King Lear when Goneril and Reagan rip out Gloucesters eyes. Cathy throughout the play is shown to be the most frightening cha racter. She is solely motivated by becoming famous throughinterviews after Adams memorial, she says its quite exciting, suggesting that she enjoys the violence of the situation and she is enjoying the spot light. She has no consideration for Adams well being, she is self absorbed.In Richards speech at the end of the play, he tells Phil that Cathy is demoniacal, and that She cut a first years finger off. Cathy and Roger are similar in that they both seem to enjoy inflicting pain on other people they both come across as sadists. Their actions are terrifying to the audience because their extreme acts of violence would normally have been carried out by adults, but because they are both children, and Roger being so young, the violence is much more frightening. In Richardss final speech in DNA, he is sitting in a field talking to Phil. This reminds us Leah, who throughout the play has long monologs when she is talking at Phil, in hope of a response. Phil blanks Richard, which tells the a udience that he shuts out everybody, and that his silence wasnt personal to Leah. The scene also suggests that nothing has changed, and it makes the audience smooth on the characters. Goldings portrayal of the boys stays clearly on the same route. Its suggested that Jack is disgust and that evil continues through the novel, whereas Kelly makes us remember in the final scene of Leah, through Richard, and that Kelly wants to make us reflect on our views of each character, because they could be interchangeable, and they can represent anyone in society.

Project Manager Status Report Essay

Provide a quick executive overview of the attitude of the be after in this section It is intended for high level management so it should not get to a fault much into the details of the project. However, it should highlight some(prenominal)thing specific, which should be brought to their attention. The Scope/Schedule/Cost/Quality table supra is a quick way to present a color coded dashboard for the status report. Typically a variance of +/- 5% bequeath warrant a jaundiced cautionary color and +/- 10% will warrant a red warning color. For a project which admits tighter control +/- 2% and +/- 5% are used for these thresholds whereas, other projects with less strict control may use 10% and 20% variances. The percent complete here should be the percent completion of the entire project. For any constraint which is yellow or red this section should contain brief explanation the reason why.ExampleThe project scroll is 7% behind schedule due to inclement stand which has affected the installation of the fiber optics throughout the campus. This should not affect the project completion date as crews are planning to make up the time by operative weekends and extended hours next month.The project risks is red due to the inclement weather and servers which were delivered last month werent configured with the correct ironware specifications. The impact of the inclement weather on the schedule will be mitigated by having crews make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. Currently we are working with the server vendor to resolve the server hardware configuration problem. The configuration delivered will not handle the work load of going live in ii months however, it is sufficient for development and testing activities scheduled prior to going live. Once you have completed understanding this section you can just highlight the directions and example and place your specific information for your squads weekly report.Work Planed for Last MonthFor this section you can copy the Worked plan for close Week section from last weeks status report and other(prenominal)e it into this section.Work end Last WeekIn this section you should provide a highlight of work performed and milestones and/or deliverables met during the past week.Work Planned For Next WeekProvide an overview of the work being performed during the next week and any milestones or deliverables you expect to meet. exculpated IssuesThis section should contain a list of open issues along with their status.Open RisksThis section should contain a list of all open risks (risks which have occurred, or are on the verge of occurring).Deliverables and milepostsThis section is a quick table, which shows the status of the project milestones and deliverables.The first column is for the name of the Milestone or Deliverable as its in the project plan. The next column is the Work crack-up Structure (west by south) number, this makes it easier to find the milestone/deliverable i n the project plan (You will get to WBS numbers when you create your Work Breakdown Structure form, so for now you can just give this blank). Planned is the planned date according to the approved project plan, the forecasted is the date you expect and essential is the actual date the milestone was met or deliverable was delivered. The status is a simple one or two word status such as completed, on schedule, behind schedule, accepted, etc.MilestoneWBSPlannedForecastedActualStatusDeliverableWBSPlannedForecastedActualStatusOpen Change Requests subprogram this section to excision all changes to the project and report the status of those changes. Tracking of changes starts with the request for the change,tracks the approval status and ends when the change is added to the project, the project plan and schedule update and it has become a part of the project. (You can create your own change request numbers)EXAMPLEChange Request NameChange Request amountRequest DateCurrent StatusAdd xyz FunctionalityCR550433/14/20xxIn Review by Change Control BoardAdd Redundant ServersCR550122/17/20xxApproved and Being Added to the rove PlanKey Performance Indicators (KPIs)Many managers turn right to this section as it provide a clear view of the status of the project according the earned value metrics. In your project you need to decide which metrics to monitor, but be sure not to hold too many as you may end up providing the same information but in different forms. We like to track SV, SPI, CV and CPI in the layout below. Next to the schedule and cost headings you should state whether the project is ahead of or behind schedule and over or under budget. Notice we left out the word on it is highly unlikely that you. If you like you can also include a paragraph at the set out of this section presenting the earned value results in verbose.IF a budget is involved you will need to include information in this sectionSchedule Project is Ahead of/Behind ScheduleSchedule divergence (SV)$xxxxSchedule Performance Index (SPI)x.xxCost Project is Over/Under BudgetCost sectionalisation (CV)$xxxCost Performance Index (CPI)x.xx

Democracy and Industrialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Democracy and Industrialization - Essay ExampleThe reason why it has become a common strategy for change is that is allows the lot to express their views and makes them motivated because their voice is as well being listened for the required solution or achieving a specific goal.. In democratic system the people have the proper(ip) to speak and think independently and it offers people freedom of speech and freedom of media which atomic number 18 ingrained parts of a business officeful democratic system. There are two main principles for a successful democracy. The first principle is that all peoples in community have equal access to power and the other one is that all peoples enjoy universal freedom and liberties. There are different forms of democracy, some of which provide unwrap representation and more freedoms for their citizens than others. (Amacom, Ameri gutter Management Association 1998)The Real and precise essential advantage of democracy is that it fixes a regular ongoing process and allows people to find a better way of doing things which is comfortable for them. Tolerance is also one of the key factors of democracy which gives people to have longanimity in them and allow everyone to speak about their views. Democracy takes ideas from different peoples so that everyone mountain learn and generate experience from one another. One of the characteristic features of democracy is Majority rule but at the similar time it also focuses on the rights of minorities. Democracy also gives an independent judicial system system which gives a right to every citizen to be treated equally and provides justice to everyone without whatsoever racial discrimination. It gives protection to all citizens and it is dictatorial for the Judiciary to provide equal justice to every citizen. People feel comfortable because they know that their safety device needs as well as social needs are been protected by the law. any person has the right to file a petition f or demanding justice. Democratic system also gives Human rights to every citizen as it is core responsibility of government. (Ernest Dale 2007)EXAMPLE Democratic System has been helpful in many countries very it has been fully recognized as a big source of change. One of the key successes is India where democracy has make them so stronger that India has become one of the biggest democratic countries in the world. Freedom of media has been given them and their has a powerful judiciary system for the safety of people and to provide equal justice to everyone and therefore there is boost in foreign investment since the law is powerful than the government. (Stephen R Hiatt, Richard L. Daft 2000)INDUSTRIALIZATIONINTRODUCTIONIndustry can be defined as one of the major assets that really help your demesne to groom with a very rapid speed. Today in this fast moving competitive world every country is trying their level best to reach the top ranking and pains is one of the source that can le ad them to a good position. (Gary R. Heerkens 2001)INDUSTRY IN GENERALGenerally, industry is the very important for any country because it has the ability to generate many resources that can be converted into any goods. With the help of industry it